Mammography is a specialized imaging technique used to examine the breast tissue for signs of abnormalities, primarily to screen for and diagnose breast cancer. This procedure involves taking X-ray images of the breasts while they are compressed between two plates to spread out the tissue and obtain clear images. Mammography can detect small tumors and microcalcifications (tiny calcium deposits) that may indicate cancer even before physical symptoms or lumps are noticeable. Mammography is generally recommended for women as a routine screening tool starting at age 40 or earlier if they have a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors. It is used to investigate symptoms such as palpable lumps, changes in breast shape or size, persistent pain, or unusual discharge from the nipple. The primary aim is to detect breast cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable and to monitor changes in the breast tissue over time. Complications from mammography are rare but can include discomfort or pain due to the compression of the breasts, which is necessary to obtain high-quality images. Some women may experience temporary bruising or tenderness in the breast area following the procedure. Although mammography is generally safe, there is a very small risk of exposure to radiation, which is minimized by using the lowest effective dose. Another potential issue is the possibility of false positives, where the results suggest the presence of cancer when there is none, leading to additional tests and potential anxiety. Conversely, false negatives can occur, where mammography may miss some cancers, particularly in women with dense breast tissue.
Overall, mammography is a crucial tool in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, providing valuable information that helps in early detection and improving treatment outcomes. Regular mammograms are essential for maintaining breast health and catching potential issues before they develop into more serious conditions.
